Enel projects for protecting biodiversity

IUCN extinction risk legend

In all its activities Enel promotes a series of projects for the purpose of supporting the safeguard of the ecosystems and natural habitats of the different areas where it is present, not only as an industrial company, but also as an active participant in the local social, cultural, and environmental life.
The following table shows the projects that were started or entirely carried out in 2010, as well as those that were continued or completed in the same year. Institutional interest groups (associations, foundations, universities, research centers, etc.) are involved in the projects and the public is informed about such activities through a number of publications (Environmental Report, Annual Report, Sustainability Report, EMAS environmental declarations, leaflets, and ones on the corporate website.

Europe

Bulgaria	Project
Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus)	Central Balkans National Park: as part of the project to repopulate the area with this raptor, after the first 40 specimens from Spain were introduced in 2009, a naturalization aviary was installed to facilitate their feeding and reproduction. [Enel Maritza 3, Society for the Protection of Rapacious Birds]
Flora, fauna, ecosystem, landscape	Maritza East Power Plant: the bed of the Sokolitsa River was cleaned, freeing it of the sediment that had accumulated and the plants that had grown in the area near the village of Obruchishte (part of the municipality of Galabovo), following a commitment undertaken with the local governments. [Enel Maritza 3]
	Maritza East Power Plant: the area of Lake Rozov Kladenetz and the Sokolitza River, which are located in the area surrounding the plant, is protected (habitat, fauna, and flora) with particular regard to birdlife (1,265 ha). A discussion with the local authorities is in progress to develop a protection plan, which will probably concern water management with increased recycling of waste water. Considerable attention is dedicated to consumption (system for managing consumption efficiently) and discharges of water (chemical, physical, and biological treatment) to reduce the impacts on the lake ecosystem to a minimum. [Enel Maritza 3].
	Maritza East Power Plant: the company completed the re-cultivation of the asbestos dump through the implementation of a restoration project authorized by the local authorities with sealing, renaturalization, and planting of native species of herbaceous species. Ten thousand arboreal plants planted to create a belt around the second ashsettling tank. [Enel Maritza 3]

France	Project
Montagu’s harrier (Circus pygargus)	Area of EU interest for the Preservation of the Birds of the “Barrois”: measures aimed at the preservation of nesting species (in particular Montagu’s harrier) through cooperation with farmers who abstain from fighting rodents and the use of phytotoxins, the permanent center for environmental initiatives (CPIE), hunters (Aube) who keep an eye on the situation, the League for the Protection of Birds (LPO), and the Ardennes Region, which monitors the birds.

Italy	Project
White stork (Ciconia ciconia)	Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park (Sala Consilina, Salerno province): Enhancement of the places where the stork lingers, among other things for carrying out teaching and scientific activities. [Enel in cooperation with the LIPU and the WWF].
Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus)	Sardinia: Study and monitoring of the species and its habitat in the area surrounding the city of Bosa in Nuoro province, alert for the threats to its survival, educational activities in schools and for the local inhabitants, and creation of observation posts and a nature path. [Enel in cooperation with Legambiente].
European otter (Lutra lutra)	Upper Volturno Valley: monitoring and safeguard of its habitat through an estimate of the population, circumscription of the area, and creation of observation posts and educational panels. [Enel in cooperation with the Pianeta Terra association].
Northern pike (Esox lucius)	La Casella thermal power station: annual stocking of the Po River with 1,500 little northern pike. This obligation is provided for in the regulations regarding the withdrawal of water from the Po River. [Enel Produzione].
Sea turtle (Caretta caretta)	Center for the Rescue of Sea Turtles at Brancaleone (Reggio Calabria province): development of the Center, which rescues and takes care of wounded animals, disseminates information and raises awareness about them, and contributes to the national data base. [Enel in cooperation with the CTS (the owner)].
Sea turtle (Caretta caretta)	Centers for the Rescue of Sea Turtles at Oasi di Lago Salso (Foggia province) and Bosco di Rauccio (Lecce province): activities to support the centers, study of habitats suitable for laying eggs, and raising the awareness of young people in local schools. [Enel in cooperation with Legambiente].
Red kite (Milvus milvus)	Amiata area (Mount Amiata, Mount Penna, and the Upper Albegna Valley), in southern Tuscany (Grosseto province), and the Gola della Rossa e di Frasassi Regional Natural Park in the Marche (Ancona province): The main purpose is to complete the reintroduction of the red kite, which is in progress in both the Upper Albenga Valley and the Frasassi Park. The reintroduction of this species provides for the release of young specimens from other European countries, such as France (Corsica) and Switzerland, making more than 40 km of power lines safe, the installation of more than 1,200 protective devices on the heads of the poles on which the kite perches to eliminate the risk of electrocution, monitoring the specimens released by satellite radio, VHF radio, and video systems for monitoring the feeding troughs, carrying out a large-scale campaign to raise awareness (production and dissemination of informative material, creating an educational trail on the protection of chiropters, two dedicated rooms in the Amiata Fauna Park and the Frasassi Park , educational initiatives in schools). A website was created which makes available the video monitoring system’s real-time (webcam) images of a colony of troglophile chiropters and two feeding troughs used by the red kites. Maps of the movements of kites equipped with satellite radios will be displayed. [Amiata Mountain Community of the Grosseto area, Esino Frasassi Mountain Community, and Enel Distribuzione].
Eels, trout, cyprinidae,(different species also at risk, including the marble trout – Salmo trutta marmoratus), salmonidae	Various sites: Fish repopulation by stocking various species of local fish. [Enel Produzione and Enel Green Power].
Posidonia oceanica	Torrevaldaliga Nord thermal power plant: marine monitoring of benthic, chemical and physical components of water; campaign of monitoring of the hectare of Neptune grass planted in previous years. Extension of the 435-hectare SIC protected area concerned. [Enel Produzione].
Freshwater and wetland ecosystems	Porto Corsini power plant (Ravenna province): monitoring campaign for the Pialassa Baiona on an area of 1,100 hectares. At the end of the reporting period the result is Good. [Enel Produzione].
	Priolo Gargallo power station: implemented an agreement with the R.N.O. Saline di Priolo to keep the salt marsh area wet. Protocol of understanding with the municipality of Priolo Gargallo and the R.N.O. Saline di Priolo for initiatives on environmental education (well water supply). [Enel Produzione].
	Pietrafitta thermal power station: implementation of a program for monitoring the trophic condition of the reservoir water with the method adopted for the definition of the Aspects Register of the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System; continuation of the environmental rehabilitation of the protected area and cultivation of the areas previously reclaimed. Work was done to optimize the regime of meteoric water through special maintenance and restoration of collection and conveyance channels. In addition, the area that in past years was used as a field for fire-fighting drills was partially restored environmentally. [Enel Produzione].
	Brindisi thermal power plant: Brindisi province periodically monitors the expanse of water in front of the power plant. The monitoring consists in a preliminary bathymetric and geo-morphological characterization and the subsequent collection of biological samples for the analysis of biomarkers and samples of sediment for particle-size analysis, toxicity tests, and the characterization of the plankton component. Finally, the data are processed according to “Beyond-BACI (Before and After Control Impact)” procedures, which are useful for quantifying the anthropic effects. [Enel Produzione].
Ecosystem	Determination with the relevant local authorities of the releases for the minimum vital outflow in the Serchio and Lima basin. Semi-annual monitoring of the Serchio and Lima Rivers. [Enel Produzione].
Ecosystem	With regard to work to environmentally reclaim and restore the polluted sites of areas considered at high industrial risk, declared “of national interest” by law 426/98 and whose technical regulations are prescribed by 152/2006, the following took place in 2010 concerning thermal power stations: approval of the plans for characterizing the Assemini and Giugliano plants; work to secure for emergencies the water table at the Piombino and Maddaloni plants, after that already done at the Spezia, Fusina, Porto Marghera, Sulcis, Livorno, and Porto Scuso plants; completion of the planning of the environmental reclamation and restoration at the Brindisi and La Spezia plants; and continuation of the environmental reclamation in the Priolo Gargallo and Augusta power stations. [Enel].
Fluvial ecosystem	Hydro power plants: trials on the minimum vital outflow to check its effectiveness on ecosystems. [Enel Green Power, Enel Produzione].
Flora, freshwater and wetland ecosystems	Santa Barbara thermal power station: campaign of bio-monitoring air quality was carried out with passive sensors (lichens); periodical campaigns to measure algae concentration and composition, the IBE, and several chemical parameters along the S.Cipriano Torrent, with the transmission of the results of the monitoring campaigns to the supervisor body (ARPAT) and the local authorities. [Enel Produzione].
Flora, fauna, ecosystem, landscape	Wood of St. Francis (Assisi, Perugia province): in cooperation with the FAI, the Italian Environmental Fund, Enel makes its contribution with actions to reclaim and safeguard the 60-hectare wood by surveying and cataloguing the significant botanical species, cleaning the underbrush, and doing maintenance pruning. [Enel SpA].

Portugal	Project
Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus)	Portugal: agreement with local institutions on the preservation of the Iberian wolf. Enel contributes to the fund created to finance activities regarding reforestation with native species, maintenance of wooded areas, increasing the availability of food and shelters for the hunting of prey, reduction of disturbance through areas where hunting is forbidden, promotion and increase of the diversity and availability of prey. [Enel Green Power and the ACHLI – Association for the Preservation of the Habitat of the Iberian Wolfzone].

Romania	Project
Stork (Ciconia ciconia)	Danube: mounting distribution lines on circular supports to facilitate nesting. [Enel Distribute Dobrogea].

Slovakia	Project
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)	Safeguard of the fluvial network and the rainbow trout in the High Tatras National Park. The project consists in eliminating the threat factors caused by humans that endanger the survival of this species through the acquisition and stocking of 90% of the fry necessary for its maintenance, constant monitoring, and regular cleaning of the waterways. [Slovenské elektrárne].
Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos, Aquila pomarina)	High Tatras National Park: activities regarding protection, elimination of threats, collection of blood for genetic analyses and rehabilitation of injured specimens, monitoring and mapping of hunting areas, marking with microchips and location of nesting. A project was started for cooperation with the Touring Club on educational initiatives. Previous cooperative projects with the national parks have resulted in an increase in the number of chamois and marmots (actions carried out in previous years). [Slovenské elektrárne].

Spain	Project
Birdlife	In Aragon: investments were made in infrastructure, providing greater protection for birdlife on the Magallon-Valdeferrín, Ricla-Purroy, Belsierre-Yeba, and Fuentes Claras-Bello medium-voltage lines.
Native shellfish	Engagement at the international level in research on Dreissena polymorpha, an invasive exotic species present in a number of Spanish bodies of water. A native of the Black and Caspian Seas, It is a bivalve striped freshwater mollusk, similar to common mussels, but not edible. Resistant to saltwater, it is known for its great ability to reproduce and propagate itself. River navigation and maritime transportation have facilitated its expansion, causing serious ecological and economic effects, including the impact on the food, growth, mobility, breathing, and reproduction of other species, in particular mussels and clams. [Endesa].
Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) and Black kite (Milvus migrans)	Balearic Islands: in accordance with the Gesa-Endesa cooperation program, the Ministry of the Environment, and the government of the Balearic Islands: completion of 186 projects (128 on Majorca and 58 on Minorca), aimed at reducing collisions with lines. [Endesa Distribución].
Mainly rapacious birdlife	The operation of wind plants can produce impacts on biodiversity because of birdlife collisions or disturbance of nesting. All plants are continually monitored to avoid or limit negative impacts. [Enel Green power].
Birdlife	Andalusia and Estremadura: in accordance with the agreement entered into in 2008 with the government of Andalusia for co-financing the LIFE+Nature and Biodiversity project called “Preservation and management of the special protection zones for the birds of the Andalusian steppe”, the LIFE committee of the European Commission chose the project, which includes mapping the critical points where birds collide with and are electrocuted by electric power lines. Development of other research projects in cooperation with research centers and public institutions. [Endesa Distribución].
Bonelli’s eagle	Catalonis: monitoring of the population, habitat, and preservation of Bonelli’s eagle. In 2010, the project determined their age, number of specimens, the territory occupied, and physical condition. In order to analyze how they disperse survive, and the causes of the deaths, 37 specimens were tagged.[Endesa Distribución].
Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus)	Canary Islands: study to assess the effectiveness of the measures taken in the previous two-year period to limit the risk of birds colliding with medium-voltage overhead electric lines in Fuerteventura and Lanzarote. [SEO-BirdLife and Endesa Distribución].
Flora, fauna, ecosystem, landscape	Andorra, As Pontes, and Puertollano mining areas: landscape and hydrogeomorphological work to re-establish the original biodiversity in these places. [Endesa].
	Doñana National Park (Andalusia): support for the initiatives of the Doñana 21 Foundation for the preservation of the natural heritage and the maintenance of a center that assists wild birdlife. [EUFER] Development of an anti-shock device to prevent the electrocution of birds. [Endesa].
Flora, fauna ecological balance, and landscape	Ebro-Pyrenees and small-lake region (Ibones): environmental reclamation of the area by removing the remains of obsolete plants, landscape restoration, and restoration of the native vegetation and fauna. [Endesa].

North America

United States	Project
Flora, fauna, ecosystem, landscape	Caney River hydro power plant (Kansas): with the objective of promoting the preservation of fauna and pastures, a plan was implemented to preserve important ecological areas and encourage the search for new ways of protecting the environment in Kansas. [Enel Green power in cooperation with the National Fish and Wildlife Federation].
Fish fauna	Lawrence hydro power plant: the new pneumatic system for lowering the crest of the dam allows the fish to migrate. [ENA].
Fish fauna (Pomoxis nigromaculatus, Lepomis gibbosus)	Ware Shoals (South Carolina) hydro plant: in agreement with the local communities, ENA decided to submerge withered Christmas trees in the lake reservoir to provide fish a refuge from predators, thus promoting reproduction and the growth of algae to create an ecosystem that favors the reproduction of insects and thus food. [ENA].

Latin America

Argentina	Project
Birdlife	Arroyito hydro power station: the program of surveillance and control of people in the lake area located down stream from the plant was continued in 2010. These lakes constitute permanent habitats of migratory species of birds, and therefore are particularly important and deserve protection. [Endesa].

Brazil	Project
Flora	Cachoeira hydro power plant: project for reconstituting a riverine forest damaged by the farming and grazing activities in the areas surrounding the catchment area. The project regulates the flow of water, acts as a filter for sediment and nutrients, reduces landslides and erosion, and provides food and protection for aquatic fauna, birds, and mammals. In 2010 about 50,000 native species of trees and bushes were sown on a total of 30 hectares in the states of Goias and Minas Gerais. With about 90,000 specimens of species characteristic of the local savannah, the area reforested in previous years amounts to 54 hectares. Studies are also carried out on wildlife and fish fauna in order to understand the dynamics of migration. [Endesa].

Chile	Project
Coruro (Spalacopus cyanus) Reptiles (Homonota gaudichaudii, Liolaemus lemniscatus, Philodryas chamissonis, Tachymenis chilensis)	Canela wind farm: when work is carried out monitoring is done to check the effect of the activities on the population of coruros, endemic underground rodents that are at risk of extinction. In order to avoid killing specimens, in places where plant construction is in progress biologist experts get the coruro population to move out of the area by drilling holes in the rodents’ tunnels and distutbing them with noise. [Endesa]. Canela wind farm: in areas where work is being carried out, reptiles are captured, identified, marked, and moved to safe places. A total of 1,228 specimens were captured and relocated. [Endesa].
Flora, fauna, ecosystem, landscape	Chilean Patagonia: study of the functioning of the aquatic ecosystem and assessment of the value of the biodiversity of ponds and lakes in the steppe. [Endesa].
Flora, fauna, ecosystem, landscape	Cooperation between the San Ignacio del Huinay Foundation (created by Endesa) and the Catholic University in Valparaiso: in this 35,000-hectare area located in the municipality of Hualahuié, which extends from the Comau fjord to Argentina, the Foundation dedicates itself to the preservation of the planet’s rain forests and the study of marine invertebrates (49 new species classified). It is currently carrying out microbiological investigations on hot springs, surveys of flora and fauna, and limnological observations of previously unstudied water bodies. These activities have led to the identification of numerous new species and ecosystems in areas of particular interest. [Endesa].
Flora	Atacama Desert: a project for safeguarding Inca plantations as part of agreements with local communities aimed at creating new spaces for development than can improve the inhabitants’ quality of life. [GDN Chile, a geothermy company].
Flora	Pullinque power station: maintenance of the reforestation of native species in progress for two years on a 100-hectare area. [ELA].
Flora, ecosystem, landscape	Pullinque and Pilmaquen power plants: 7 hectares acquired, for which environmental restoration is planned. [ELA].
Flora (Baccharis macraei, Chorizanthe paniculata, Erigeron fasciculatus)	Canela wind farm: compensatory reforestation with native species (a total of 24,000 specimens) on about 50 hectares in the area of the wind farm. [Endesa].
Cactacee	Canela wind farm: a project to move cacti from several areas of the power plant where their preservation is problematic to other areas owned by the company. [Endesa].
Flora	Chilectra: In accordance with the legislation in force, trees were planted on 1.19 hectares in the area surrounding the Andes substation. The project provides for planting covering species to mitigate the environmental impact. [Endesa].

Colombia	Project
Mangroves	Cartagena thermal power station: execution of action plans to restore biodiversity of the mangroves of the lagune in the area of the plant (landscape restoration and solutions for periods of drought). (Endesa).
Fish fauna	Betania reservoir: 360,000 specimens of native fish stocked in cooperation with local authorities and communities. [Endesa].
Flora, fauna, and ecosystems	Betania reservoir: a project for the preservation, characterization, and promotion of the ecosystems located on the left bank of the Magdalena River. Begun in 2009, the project provides for characterizing flora and fauna, making employees aware of the aims of the project, restoring the landscape, and creating a trail to allow the area to be enjoyed. [Endesa].
Flora, fauna, and ecosystems	Guavio hydro reservoir: a program of conservation and sustainable production was begun to preserve the water resources, biodiversity, and environment of the area influenced by the reservoir. Monitoring of the birdlife and assessment of the quality of the habitats in order to determine the strategies and potential of their preservation. The local communities participated directly in the activity. [Centro Nacional de Investigaciones del Café and Endesa].
Wetlands, mangroves, forests	Codensa: 20,000 native trees planted in the Bogotá River and the Tenjo, as a voluntarily undertaken measure to compensate the paper used by the company. [Endesa].
Flora	Emgesa: continuation of the forest management program, which provides vegetal material for the municipalities surrounding the Betania power plant. Ten hectares were reforested in the area around the Guavio reservoir and local native species were sown on land owned by the San Antonio, Tequendama, Betania, and Guaca Limonar plants (6,271 trees in all). [Endesa].

Costa Rica	Project
Flora, ecosystem, landscape	Don Pedro and Rio Volcán hydro power plants: financing of the activity of the NGO FUNDECOR to maintain 5,000 hectares of forest areas and thus ensure their preservation and prevent their alteration. Enel owns 6.5 hectares of this protected area adjacent to the two plants. [Enel Latin America].

Guatemala	Project
Birdlife	Maintenance of corridors for transmission lines on a total area of about 6 hectares. [Enel Latin America].
Flora, ecosystem, landscape	Matanzas/San Isidro and El Canadá/Montecristo hydro power plants: reforestation with Pinus oocarpa of 5 hectares in the area surrounding the power plants in which the forest is subject to heavy deforestation by the local population; protection of the ecosystem and the reservoirs of the two plants. [Enel Latin America].

Mexico	Project
Fish fauna	El Gallo hydro power plant: repopulation of the plant’s reservoir in cooperation with the local fishermen and institutions. [Enel Latin America].

Panama	Project
Flora, fauna ecosystem, landscape	Fortuna Forest Reserve: management of 19,500 hectares of forest, a national protected area with notable animal (large mammals, birds, reptiles, etc.) and vegetal species. Surveillance and patrolling in the critical places as a measure to prevent damage and crimes against the flora and fauna. Information provided through conversations and pamphlets to the local communities, authorities, and representatives about the most important characteristics, as well as the prohibitions and national legislation on the management of the reserve’s resources. Periodical measurement of the bathymetry to determine the level of silt accumulation in the reservoir. Promotion of research based on the monitoring of the biodiversity of the Fortuna site, with the involvement of nationally and internationally important institutes. Among other things, these activities have revealed the presence of species at risk of extinction, such as the jaguar. [Enel Latin America with the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the National Conservancy Association].

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